Showing posts with label 健康. Show all posts
Showing posts with label 健康. Show all posts

Friday, October 25, 2013

天氣轉冷

中秋過後現在才天氣轉冷。可惜小朋友只喜歡玩,唔鐘意着衫,多數就係而家病左。天氣轉,容易冷親,天氣凍,流感病毒重會發惡添。

但唔好以為返學有老師睇住就冇問題,隨時有太多其他小朋友病, 搞到自己嗰個都病左。

本來應該轉冬天校服,但有尐供應商仍然未交貨,搞到很多家長好緊張。

為了穩陣起見,最好帶囗罩,得閒就洗手,返到屋企盡快換衫。咁樣可以避免帶病毒返屋企。平時畀渠食維他命C,增加抵抗力。希望減少問題。

其實調轉來睇,個個小朋友都係咁病下病到大。自自然然訓練到免疫系統。不過只係想
小朋友唔好咁辛苦。

Friday, June 28, 2013

母乳上流

(法新社巴黎24日電)
 研究今天指出,相較於喝配 方奶的寶寶,母乳寶寶爬到社會階級上層的機會多了 24%。 相對地,母乳寶寶在成長後,從社會階級滑落的機 率減少多達20%。研究發表在「兒童疾病檔案」( Archives of Disease in Childhood)期刊。 這支英國研究團隊寫道:「這項研究為母乳的健康 好處再添證據,顯示喝母乳可能會帶來終生的社會效益 。」 研究對象為1958年在英國出生的1萬7419名民眾, 以及1970年出生的1萬6771名民眾,研究人員比較他們 在10歲/11歲時,以及33歲/34歲時的社會階級,以及他 們是否喝母乳。 研究人員宣稱,這是迄今調查餵母乳與社會階層流 動間關連的最大型研究。 社會階級的分類依據為非技術、半技術、專業或管 理階層來分類。 研究人員聲明說:「智力和壓力表現占母乳總影響 約1/3(36%):母乳能提升腦部發育,也就是提升智力 ,而母乳兒童也展現較少壓力的徵象。」 研究作者說,母乳成分中含有長鏈不飽和脂肪酸( LCPUFA),對腦部發育有關鍵影響。

(譯者:中央社陳 怡君)

Breastfeeding not only boosts children’s chances of climbing the social ladder, but it also reduces the chances of downwards mobility, suggests study based on 1958 and 1970 cohort data.
The findings are based on changes in the social class of  17,419 members of the 1958 National Child Development Study and 16,771 members of the 1970 British Cohort Study.
Researchers at the International Centre for Lifecourse Studies, University College London, compared whether or not the cohort members had been breastfed to changes in their social class status between childhood (age five or seven) and adulthood (age 33 or 34).
Social class was categorised on a four-point scale ranging from unskilled/semi-skilled manual to professional/managerial.
The research also took account of a wide range of other potentially influential factors, derived from regular follow-ups every few years. These included children’s brain (cognitive) development and stress scores, which were assessed using validated tests at the ages of 10-11.
Significantly fewer children were breastfed in 1970 than in 1958. More than two-thirds (68%) of mothers breastfed their children in 1958, compared with just over one in three (36%) in 1970.
Social mobility also changed over time, with those born in 1970 more likely to be upwardly mobile, and less likely to be downwardly mobile, than those born in 1958.
None the less, when background factors were accounted for, children who had been breastfed were consistently more likely to have climbed the social ladder than those who had not been breastfed. This was true of those born in both 1958 and 1970.
What’s more, the size of the “breastfeeding effect” was the same in both time periods. Breastfeeding increased the odds of upwards mobility by 24% and reduced the odds of downward mobility by around 20% for both groups.
Intellect and stress accounted for around a third (36%) of the total impact of breastfeeding: breastfeeding enhances brain development, which boosts intellect, which in turn increases upwards social mobility. Breastfed children also showed fewer signs of stress.
The evidence suggests that breastfeeding confers a range of long-term health, developmental, and behavioural advantages to children, which persist into adulthood, say the authors.
They note that it is difficult to pinpoint which affords the greatest benefit to the child - the nutrients found in breast milk or the skin to skin contact and associated bonding during breastfeeding.
“Perhaps the combination of physical contact and the most appropriate nutrients required for growth and brain development is implicated in the better neurocognitive and adult outcomes of breastfed infants,” they suggest.



Monday, June 10, 2013

防蚊

早年很多防蚊產品都有DEET。美國兒科學會已證實30-50%的DEET可直接用於兒童和成人,但不建議使用於2個月以下的嬰兒。為了健康,加拿大衛生部於2002年重新評估DEET類的防蚊產品,禁止市面消售含DEET的防蚊產品濃度高於30%,並建議2歲到12歲的兒童使用之DEET防蚊產品,濃度應低於10%以下,且一天不宜使用超過三次。2歲以下的兒童一天使用不宜超過1次,6個月的內嬰兒不宜使用此類產品。

不少人都喜歡使用聲稱不含化學成份、既環保又安全的電子驅蚊器,這種產品主要分為3類,包括利用聲波、超聲波或電磁波達到驅蚊和驅蟲的效果。然而,消委會在市面上搜集了14款電子驅蚊器和5款驅蟲器的樣本,發現其功效成疑。

在消委會檢視的樣本裏,發現有2款產品以超聲波命名,另有2款的包裝標有超聲波的字眼,有關樣本聲稱會發出的聲波頻率介乎6,000Hz至12,000Hz,並不屬於超聲波的範圍,有言過其實之嫌。然而,即使產品可發出超聲波的音頻,其功效亦會被牆壁和家具所阻擋,未必可達至家中每個角落,最重要一點是:目前仍未有證據支持超聲波能有效驅走蚊蟲。

利用聲波所操作的驅蚊器聲稱可以模仿雄蚊的翼拍頻率,驅趕雄蚊。根據美國肯塔基州大學昆蟲學系的資料,雄蚊的翼每次拍動的頻率為450至600Hz之間,和該類產品的差異極大。

部分電磁波驅蟲器聲稱可驅趕蜘蛛、蟑螂及老鼠等,但美國環境保護署質疑電磁波害蟲管理裝置的效用,多年前已宣布要從市場取締有關產品。

即使電子驅蚊/蟲器能有效發揮效果,但當消委會檢視有關產品時,發現操作時只可選一種模式,換言之,有關產品並不能同一時間驅趕不同類型的蚊,但用家亦不能準確預知身處的地方會出現那種類型的蚊子,再調校至準確的模式。

另外,其中6款的驅蚊器具有美國環境保護署所頒發的證書及編號,消委會宣傳及社區關係小組副主席梁光漢表示,有關資料只顯示出產地,與其安全性或有效程度完全無關。另外,部分產品標示可以預防疾病的傳播,但Cochrane傳染病工作小組認為,電子驅蚊器不能預防瘧疾的傳播。在澳洲及美國,也有電子驅蚊、驅蟲產品的聲稱因失實及誤導而訴諸法律的個案。

某超市自己牌子的驅蚊貼雖然便宜,但只有天然香茅油(Citronella oil),是十分安全!美國1948年已經採用。可惜,效果不太理想。縱使採用一些精油,時間大多不能超過半小時。如要追求長時間的效果,仍然不如有毒的DEET。單靠驅蚊貼,不如穿上淺色通爽長褲和長袖衫,使用含有除蟲菊精的傳統蚊香、電蚊片、電蚊及噴霧劑。可惜仍然有一線可能中毒

既然有效果的就有機會損害健康,對兒童安全的卻效果不理想。這個兩難局面,自己想想。



Tuesday, May 14, 2013

小朋友多發燒

小朋友大約一歲左右,都會經常發燒。因為媽媽留在小朋友身上的抗體已經差不多用完,而小朋友免疫系統又未成熟。最怕因疏忽而燒壞腦。

小朋友出牙仔、去街、去PLAY GROUP都容易交叉感染,互相分享。一般大病如天花、百日咳,有疫苗保障。傷風感冒和流感卻為什麼沒有疫苗?因為病毒進化太快,年年有變動,種類細分可以過千,所以疫苗的幫助其實不大。

疫苗其實是把病毒活躍部份取代,留下特徵供免疫系統識別。打疫苗針後有輕微發燒代表正常運作,身體以為有真病毒入侵,於是改變體溫抑制病毒活動能力。因此高燒代表反應過敏,而無反應則可能免疫系統出問題。

有時候家長為免麻煩,有一些燒就給退燒藥直到無燒,身體反而無法對抗病毒,加重病情。

嘿,不是無燒就等於無病?自然退就真得無病,人為則隱藏病徵。

醫生的藥不是醫病?如果是感冒,多數是病毒引起。藥物是控制病情,避免併發症。有時候感冒伴隨細菌感染,才會開抗生素,直接殺死細菌。如果開始服食,無論病情如何,也要完成整個療程。否則留下來的生存者就是抗藥性的細菌。